Active – Passive Voice.

Kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, dikenali atas subjek dan objek yang ber-kebalikan, mengenakan atau dikenakan pekerjaan.
Pengubahan kalimat aktif ke dalam kalimat pasif atau sebalik nya, tidak mengubah waktu kejadian. Oleh karenanya didapat
tense yang sama pada kedua kalimat itu.

Setiap bahasa mengenal kalimat aktif dan passive, dikenali bentuknya dengan melihat; disebut kalimat aktif apabila subjek kalimat nya mengenakan pekerjaan kepada objek, disebut kalimat pasif apabila subjek kalimat nya yang dikenakan pekerjaan oleh objek.

Active - Passive VoiceKalimat pasif diperoleh dengan mengubah kalimat aktif, begitupun sebaliknya dengan mengikuti ketentuan dalam setiap bahasa.
Tidak semua kalimat aktif dapat diubah ke dalam kalimat pasif; kalimat yang tidak ter dapat objek karena kata kerja intransitive, seperti kata ‘tidur’dan ‘berlari’ tentu tidak dapat diubah ke dalam kalimat pasif.

Adapun, tujuan penggunaan kalimat pasif, dalam berbagai bahasa, antara lain adalah untuk menekankan pengenaan pekerjaan atas objek dan/atau untuk membuat tersamarnya subjek yang mengenakan pekerjaan kepada objek atau tujuan lain.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, pengubahan dibuat dengan memperhatikan tense bahwa kedua kalimat, aktif dan pasif, menggunakan tense yang sama. Rumusnya sederhana sebagai dibawah ini, disertai contoh kalimat.

Kalimat aktif;
Subject – Verb – [Object]. Bentuk kalimat berbagai tense.

Kalimat pasif;
Subject 2 – be Verb (past participle) – [Object 1]. Bentuk kalimat berbagai tense.
– Subject kalimat aktif menjadi Object 1 dalam kalimat pasif.
– Object kalimat pasif menjadi Subject 1 dalam kalimat pasif.
Terlihat bahwa ada kalanya Object 1 dalam kalimat pasif tidak dinyatakan, walau kata kerja yang digunakan adalah transitive.

Contoh kalimat.

Urutan tense sesuai dengan yang telah dipelajari pada artikel sebelumnya.

1a). People speak English all over the world.
1b). English is spoken all over the world (by people).

2a). He is telling his wife the story.
2b). The story is being told to his wife by him.
2c). His wife is being told the story by him.
Contoh kalimat ini mempunyai dua objek.

3a). My brother wrote the address yesterday.
3b). The address was written by my brother yesterday.

4a). Anna has taken care of the bills for you.
4b). The bills have been taken care of by Anna for you.

5a). That man was tuning the machines yesterday afternoon.
5b). The machines were being tuned (by that man) yesterday afternoon.

6a). They have been calculating half of the expenses by this time.
6b). Half of the expenses has been being calculated (by them) by this time.

7a). She had booked the rooms a month before they arrived there.
7b). The rooms had been booked by her a month before they arrived there.

8a). We had been moving most of the goods when she came.
8b). Most of the goods had been being moved (by us) when she came.

9a). John will inform you the schedule this afternoon.
9b). The schedule will be informed by John this afternoon to you.
9c). You will be informed the schedule by John this afternoon.
Contoh kalimat ini mempunyai dua objek.

10a). The management will be running the restaurant by the end of this year.
10b). The restaurant will be being run (by the management) by the end of this year.

11a). She will have finished writing the book next week.
11b). The book will have been finished (by her) next week.

12a). This tree will have been sprouting many leaves when you come in summer.
12b). Many leaves will have been being sprouted when you come in summer.

13a). They should know the rule before they start playing the game.
13b). The rule should be known (by them) before they start playing the game.

14a). They should have prepared everything if you had told them to earlier.
14b). Everything should have been prepared (by them) if you had told them to earlier.

15a). The system would alarm you when someone breaks in to the house.
15b). You would be alarmed (by the system) when someone breaks in to the house.

16a). I believe Billy would have been working half of the job when you arrive there.
16b). I believe half of the job would have been being worked by Billy when you arrive there.

Selamat berlatih. 🙂